Australia's Royal Commission into Antisemitism and Social Cohesion has sharply criticised several major social media companies for refusing to meaningfully participate in its public hearings, raising concerns about the influence of online platforms in spreading hate speech, misinformation and extremist content. The commission said the lack of cooperation from some technology companies has made it more difficult to understand how online services contribute to rising social tensions.

The inquiry was established following the 2025 Bondi antisemitic terror attack and is examining how antisemitism, online radicalisation and declining social cohesion have affected Australian communities. Over recent weeks, the commission has heard evidence from victims of online abuse, academics, technology experts, media organisations and government agencies about the growing impact of digital platforms on public discourse.

Counsel assisting the commission told hearings that companies including X (formerly Twitter), Telegram and Reddit either declined to appear, provided only limited cooperation or failed to adequately respond to requests for information. Commissioners expressed concern that platforms with millions of Australian users were unwilling to publicly explain how they detect, moderate and remove antisemitic or extremist material.

The commission heard evidence that social media has become one of the primary methods through which hateful material, conspiracy theories and violent extremist content are distributed. Witnesses said recommendation algorithms, anonymous accounts and rapid sharing mechanisms can amplify harmful content far more quickly than traditional media. Experts argued that while most platforms have policies prohibiting hate speech, enforcement remains inconsistent and often lacks transparency.

Particular criticism was directed at X Corp, which was accused of resisting regulatory efforts to remove violent footage connected with the Bondi terror attack. Counsel assisting described some of the company's legal arguments as extraordinary and questioned whether the platform had demonstrated an appropriate level of responsibility toward Australian users.

The commission is also examining the broader role of public institutions and media organisations in maintaining social cohesion. Earlier hearings included evidence from executives at the ABC and SBS, who defended their editorial independence while rejecting claims that their journalism had contributed to antisemitism. Discussions have focused on balancing freedom of expression, responsible reporting and protection against harmful online content.

Commissioner Virginia Bell AC SC said understanding the operation of digital platforms is essential because online communication increasingly shapes public attitudes and community relationships. The inquiry is expected to consider whether stronger regulation, greater transparency requirements or additional obligations should be imposed on technology companies operating in Australia.

The Royal Commission will continue hearing evidence from technology experts, community organisations and government representatives before delivering its final recommendations later this year. Those recommendations may include reforms aimed at improving online safety, strengthening responses to hate speech and enhancing social cohesion across Australian communities.